Albic soil with continuous rotary tillage has resulted in some problems, including shallow plough layer, sticky and tight subsoil and unbalanced nutrient distribution. In order to explore suitable tillage and fertilization modes in paddy fields to improve albic soil productivity and rice yield in Jianghuai region, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different tillage and fertilization practices on physicochemical properties, the distribution of water-stable aggregates and rice yields in albic soil. The treatments consisted of two tillage practices (rotary tillage and conventional tillage) and three fertilization modes (chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer+organic manure, chemical fertilizer+straw returning). The results showed that compared to rotary tillage, conventional tillage reduced the soil nutrient contents of 0-10 cm soil layer, but increased the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 10-20 cm soil layer by 3.2%~8.8%, 4.5%~9.2%, 5.2%~8.2% and 8.3%~17.7%, respectively. The amendment of organic manure or straw returning increased the contents of soil organic matter and available potassium by 1.3%~8.6% and 4.1%~21.1%, respectively. The bulk density in 10-20 cm soil layer under conventional tillage was 14.4%~19.5% lower than that of rotary tillage, and the percentages of soil macro aggregates under conventional tillage were lower than rotary tillage by 3.0%~5.4% in 0-10 cm soil layer and 3.5%~9.7% in 10-20 cm soil layer, respectively. Under conventional tillage, the amendment of organic manure or straw returning reduced soil bulk density by 2.1%~6.6% and increased the percentage of macro aggregate by 2.8%~8.4%, compared to chemical fertilizer application. The rice yield under conventional tillage was 11.7%~18.0% higher than rotary tillage, and the amendment of organic manure or straw returning enhanced the rice yield by 1.7%~7.5%. Therefore, in albic soil with continuous rotary tillage in Jianghuai region, conventional tillage combined with straw returning or organic manure amendment was beneficial to improve soil physical and chemical properties of the 0-20 cm soil layer and increase rice yield.