In order to solve the problems of low capacity of water and nutrients retention, drought stress, low potato yield and rainfall utilization rate in the hilly area along the Great Wall of Inner Mongolia, a two-year field experiment with different plastic mulching and ridge tillage planting was conducted. The soil enzyme activity, soil water content, soil temperature, pH and potato growth and yield was studied under five planting treatments, which were full-film mulching with double ridge planting (A1), full-film mulching with single ridge planting (A2), full-film mulching with single ridge micro furrow planting (A3), full-film with flat planting (A4) and traditional planting (CK). The result showed that in different growth stages of potato, full-film mulching and ridging planting densities had different effects on soil water content and soil temperature. Compared with CK, the soil water content of A1, A2, A3 and A4 treatments was increased by 32.76%, 23.60%, 42.92% and 17.58%; the soil temperature of A1, A2, A3 and A4 treatments was increased by 11.51%, 9.41%, 6.87% and 4.83% respectively. Meanwhile, the activities of soil enzymes (soil catalase activity and soil urease activity) was increased and soil pH was decreased under different plastic mulching and ridge tillage treatments, and result in the increase of the potato bud fresh weight, root fresh weight, bud diamete and root activity, and the decrease of malonaldehyde content (MDA) accordingly. Compared with CK,the tuber yield significantly was increased by 48.62%, 34.22%, 52.85%, 21.70% in A1, A2, A3 and A4 treatment respectively, and the rainfall utilization rate and fertilizer biased productivity were also significantly increased. In conclusion, full-film mulching with ridging tillage could significantly improve soil quality and increase crop yield and rainfall utilization rate, and the effect of A1 and A3 treatments A3 and A1 was more optimal,which could be a water saving cultivation practice in the rain-fed and hilly area along the Great Wall of Inner Mongolia.