In order to explore stoichiometry characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in maize and influencing factors under different water and fertilization conditions, pot experiments with different soil water contents and total nitrogen contents were conducted, and the effects of different treatments on maize growth traits and stoichiometry characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were discussed, meanwhile the correlation analysis was carried out. Three moisture gradients including 90% (W1), 70% (W2) and 50% (W3) of field capacity, respectively, three nitrogen levels (150% (N1), 100% (N2) and 50% (N3) of normal nitrogen application in the field, respectively) were set up, and there were nine treatments in the experiment. The results showed that the dry biomass of maize root, stem and leaf diminished as the decreasing of nitrogen amount, increased with the increasing of soil moisture content. When the soil moisture was in high and middle level, plant height of maize increased with the increasing of nitrogen application rate. When maize was under drought stress, nitrogen application rate had little effect on plant height. Stem diameter under low moisture was significantly lower than those under high and medium moisture. There was no significant difference in carbon content among maize root, stem and leaf. Nitrogen contents of maize root, stem and leaf in N3 treatment were significantly lower than those in other two treatments. N1 and N2 treatments had different effects on nitrogen content of maize root, stem and leaf. The difference of stem nitrogen content reached significant level, while the difference in leaf nitrogen content was significant after tasseling stage. The ecological stoichiometric characteristics of C/N: P were different with the change of water and fertilizer, in which the average nitrogen and phosphorus ratio (N/P) was 6.01, and it increased with the increasing of nitrogen application, decreased with the increasing of soil water content. Carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N) was 0.31, and decreased with the increasing of nitrogen application, but it was not sensitive to moisture factor. Carbon and phosphorus ratio (C/P) was 1.62, which showed strong stability, and did not change with the change of external biological and abiotic environment.