To investigate the effects of different proportions of chicken manure and nitrogen fertilizer on the fractal characteristics of soil water stable aggregates and the carbon pool management index in the forage triticale/maize rotation, a field experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2017 (successive eight years) with five treatments: C₀N₀ (no fertilizer, CK), C₀N₁₀ (chicken manure nitrogen:urea nitrogen=0:10), C₂N₈ (chicken manure nitrogen:urea nitrogen=2:8), C₄N₆ (chicken manure nitrogen:urea nitrogen=4:6), C₅N₅ (chicken manure nitrogen:urea nitrogen=5:5). Soil water stable aggregate composition and organic carbon (SOC), total organic carbon (TOC), active organic carbon (AOC), soil mass fractal dimension (D_m) and soil carbon management index (CPMI) were assayed in triticale/maize rotation. The results showed that different fertilization measures had significant influence on the composition of soil water stable aggregates in triticale/maize rotation. The soil water stable aggregate composition was less than 0.25 mm particle size, its content was the highest in C₀N₀ treatment, followed by C₀N₁₀, C₂N₈ and C₅N₅ treatments, and C₄N₆ treatment was the lowest. Compared with CK, aggregate SOC content of each treatment were significantly increased (p< 0.05), and the increase order from large to small was C₄N₆ > C₅N₅> C₂N₈ > C₀N₁₀, and SOC of C₄N₆ treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments (p< 0.05), the D_m of soil water stable aggregates from large to small was C₀N₀ > C₀N₁₀ > C₂N₈ > C₅N₅ > C₄N₆. Soil TOC, AOC and CPMI of each treatment in order was C₄N₆ > C₅N₅ > C₂N₈ > C₀N₁₀ > C₀N₀, and the AOC, CPMI and TOC contents of the same treatment decreased gradually with the increasing soil depth. The pearson correlation analysis showed that D_m had a very significant negative correlation with TOC, AOC and aggregate SOC (p< 0.01), and CPMI was significantly positively correlated with TOC, AOC and aggregate SOC (p< 0.01). Comprehensively, the combined application of chicken manure with nitrogen fertilizer was not only beneficial to improving the stability of the soil structure, but also to enhancing soil fertility in triticale/maize rotation system, which C₄N₆ was the best treatment.