Drip irrigation and straw returning affected the accumulation of salt in the surface soil by affecting the amount of salt input and the migration of irrigation water, and irrigation and salt washing are important measures to reduce the accumulation of salt in soil. The effect of long-term drip irrigation mode and soil management on salt content were analyzed by measuring the change of salt content in soil plough layer during summer fallow under the model of long-term drip irrigation and flooding irrigation and different straw treatments. The results showed that after the harvest, the total salt content of the drip irrigation mode and the flood irrigation mode was 2 402 and 1 713 mg/kg, respectively. The increase of the total salt content under the drip irrigation mode was mainly from the increasing of Ca²⁺, SO₄^2- and NO₃^- ions, which accounted for 12.9%, 63.4% and 23.6% of the total salt increase, respectively. The addition of wheat or maize straw significantly increased the content of soil salt by 5.8%~23.4% under the drip irrigation, but it had no effect on the soil salt under flood irrigation mode. The single flood irrigation during summer fallow significantly decreased the content of Mg²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺ and NO₃^- by 58%~69%, 61%~63%, 37%~50%, and 37%~45% under drip irrigation mode, respectively, and significantly decreased the content of Mg²⁺ and NO₃^- by 38%~44% and 5%~12% under flood irrigation mode, respectively, while it had no significant effect on the other cations under this mode. HCO₃^- changed greatly during the summer fallow, and the trend of change was opposite to that of NO₃^-. The soil salt content significantly decreased by 29% and 8.7% under drip and flood irrigation mode during the summer fallow, respectively. In general, the drip irrigation mode and straw addition under this mode significantly increased the soil salt content, and the soil management during summer fallow played an obvious role in declining the soil salt. After the flood irrigation and the high temperature shed during summer fallow, the salt content decreased obviously, but it was still slightly higher than that in the flood irrigation mode, the amount of nitrogen, potassium and sulphur based water soluble fertilizers should be further reduced in production.