小兴安岭云冷杉红松林和白桦林对雪水文过程的影响
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乔锋(1978-),男,山西临汾人,工程师,硕士,主要从事水土保持研究。E-mail:qiao2002_78@126.com

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国家自然科学基金项目(41301027);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(D201411);国家林业局小兴安岭森林定位站资助项目


The Effects of a Mixed Spruce-fir Korean Pine Forest and a White Birch Forest on Snow Hydrological Processes in Xiaoxing'an Mountains, China
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    摘要:

    为了阐明天然森林植被对雪水文过程的影响,于2014年秋季至2015年春季在积雪期和融雪期采用积雪层特性调查法分别对小兴安岭典型天然林下积雪层的雪深、雪密度和雪水量进行了测定。结果表明:云冷杉红松林和林外草地间的雪深和雪水量差异显著,而云冷杉红松林的雪水量异质性程度要高于白桦林和林外草地;与林外草地相比,云冷杉红松林和白桦林的最大雪积累量分别减少了26.08%和5.43%。云冷杉红松林和白桦林及林外草地的积雪层密度无显著差异。云冷杉红松林和白桦林的融雪速率分别为1.52,2.05 mm/d,均小于林外草地,但差异性并不显著。云冷杉红松林和白桦林分别截留降雪量达24.02(占总降雪量的27.27%),5.43 mm(占总降雪量的6.16%),且云冷杉红松林截留降雪量明显高于白桦林,这表明云冷杉红松林对于积雪和截雪过程的影响更为显著。

    Abstract:

    Many factors such as the types of forests influence snow processes in forest ecosystems, but the effects of forest cover on snow hydrology are not well defined in Xiaoxing’an Mountains of northeastern China. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of forest types on snowpack properties by measuring snow depth, snow density and snow water equivalence (SWE) during snowpack accumulation and snowmelt. The results indicated that the noticeable differences in the mean snow depth and the mean SWE were found between the mixed spruce-fir Korean pine forest and the opening site. The degree of heterogeneity in SWE variations in the mixed spruce-fir Korean pine forest was higher than the white birch forest and the opening. The Maximum snow water equivalence (MSWE) was reduced by 26.08% in the mixed coniferous forest and 5.43% in the white birch forest compared with the opening site. The mean ground snow densities in the three sites were not significantly different. The mean ablation rate was 1.52 mm SWE/day (76% of the opening) in the mixed coniferous forest and 2.05 mm SWE/day (94% of the opening) in the white birch forest. But, the differences of the mean daily melt in the three sites were not significant. The mixed coniferous forest and the white birch forest intercepted 24.02 mm SWE/27.27% of snowfall and 5.43 mm SWE/6.16% snowfall, respectively. The mean interception in the mixed coniferous forest was significantly greater than the white birch forest. Our results demonstrated that the mixed coniferous forest cover could have a remarkable effect on snow accumulation and interception.

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乔锋, 肖洋, 赵淑苹.小兴安岭云冷杉红松林和白桦林对雪水文过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):104~108

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  • 收稿日期:2018-03-21
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-10-16
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