The field experiment with different planting patterns (maize monoculture, maize//soybean intercropping and maize//potato intercropping) of maize was carried out, and root exudates of total sugars and total organic acids and soil aggregates at jointing, bell-mouthed, and tasseling stages of maize growth were measured. The influence of intercropping on maize root exudates and soil aggregate stability was explored. The results showed that root exudates of total sugars and total organic acids increased with maize growth. Intercropping significantly increased maize root exudates of total sugars and total organic acids. Maize//potato intercropping was better than maize//soybean intercropping. Compared with maize monoculture, maize//soybean intercropping and maize//potato intercropping have increased >0.25 mm water stable aggregate (R_0.25) by 6.19% and 8.17%, mean weight diameter (MWD) by 5.04% and 10.08%, geometric mean diameter (GMD) by 6.12% and 12.24%, have significantly decreased fractal dimension (D) by 0.72% and 1.09%, and portion of aggregate destruction (PAD) by 16.77% and 26.08%, respectively at tasseling stage. At tasseling stage with maximum root exudates, total sugars content and total organic acids content were significantly correlated with R_0.25, GMD, D, and PAD (P<0.01). These results indicate that intercropping can enhance maize root exudates of total sugars and total organic acids and thus improve soil aggregate stability.