Pinus massoniana forest after the restoration of eroded degraded land in the typical red soil of southern China was selected as the research object. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) extracted from the fresh leaves and the leaf litter of P. massoniana and Dicranopteris dichotoma was leached through such soil cores of eroded degraded land in indoor simulation, and the adsorption characteristics and influencing factors of DOC from different sources in P. massoniana forest during vegetation restoration was analyzed. The results showed: (1) The adsorption of red soil eroded degraded land on DOC from different sources had obvious difference, the maximum of DOC average interception from the fresh leaves of P. massoniana was 2.39 mg/kg, the minimum of DOC average interception from the fresh leaves of D. dichotoma was 1.67 mg/kg. DOC from the fresh leaves of P. massoniana was more susceptible to surface soil adsorption, while DOC from the fresh leaves of D. dichotoma was easy to enter the deep soil, different sources of DOC composition and properties was the main reason for this difference. (2) With the increase of vegetation restoration years, the DOC concentration of soil leachate increased, and the soil interception ability of DOC decreased. DOC interception was positively correlated with the content of silt and soil pH, negatively correlated dissolved organic carbon and soil organic carbon and the content of sand. Soil organic carbon content could explain 51.4% of the change of DOC interception, and is the key factor affecting the ability of soil DOC interception. (3) The spectral characteristics showed that aromatic compounds and humic substances were easily adsorbed by soil, and the substances with stronger adsorption capacity could desorb hydrophilic humic substances in soil. The change of DOC spectral characteristics after leaching was determined by the chemical composition of DOC from different sources and the properties of soil organic carbon. The adsorption characteristics of eroded degraded red soil on DOC from different plant sources was mainly controlled by DOC and soil SOC properties, and this provided important reference value for further understanding the mechanism of carbon sequestration in degraded red soil.