Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, National Key Research and Development Program of “Typical fragile ecological restoration and protection” has recently launched a project entitled “Soil conservation in the hilly red soil region of southern China” (2017YFC0505400)．This project will focus on the coordination between ecological functions and product functions, clarify the temporal and spatial variations of soil erosion in the hilly red soil region of southern China, and especially identify the relative contribution of natural factors and human activities. The project will carry out the following research on technologies and their application: controlling surface runoff, improving soil fertility, vegetation restoration and landscape pattern optimization. Base on trade-off analyses and synthetic integrated method of multiple ecosystem services, best management practices for soil erosion control will be established，which will also provide scientific and technological supports for the improvement of the regional ecological environment.