In order to solve the problems of low precipitation, inconsistency of rain season and water demand period for winter wheat, low and unstable yield in the dry highland of Loess Plateau, a 4-years field experiment was conducted to optimize the cultivation pattern of highyield and high efficiency in winter wheat production. In this study, the effects of residual plastic film mulching on rainfall reserving and soil moisture conservation in summer fallow period, and the effects of annual film mulching on yield and precipitation use efficiency of winter wheat were studied under three planting patterns, including uncovered and sowing in line (USL), ridge filming and sowing in furrow (RFSF) and whole field filming and hole sowing (WFFHS). The results showed that residual plastic film mulching in summer fallow period enhanced the capacity of rainfall reserving and soil moisture conservation. The water?storage?content in 2m depth of soil during fallow period were 12% ~ 22%（P<0.05）and 14% ~ 30%（P <0.05）greater in RFSF and WFFHS treatments than that in USL treatment, respectively, and the fallow efficiencies in these two treatments ranged from 29% to 42%, which were significant greater than that in USL treatment, meanwhile, the difference increased with the increasing of precipitation in summer fallow period. Compared with the USL treatment, the average yield in WFFHS treatment increased by 40%. Plastic film mulching improved the thousand-kernel weight and spike?number per?hectare of winter wheat, and there existed a?significant positive?correlation between grain yield and spike?number?per?hectare (r=0.830**), so plastic film mulching and reasonable population constructing were considered as the important measures to increase the yield of winter wheat in dry highland of Loess Plateau. The water production efficiency, precipitation production efficiency in fallow period and annual precipitation production efficiency of WFFHS treatment were the highest among all the treatments, which were 19.3, 9.3 and 11.7 kg/（hm2·mm）, respectively. The water consumption depth was more than 2 m during growth period of winter wheat, the water consumption under film mulching condition was greater than that of USL treatment, and furthermore, film mulching promoted the water consumption in soil layer deeper than?1 m. In a comprehensive consideration of grain yield and precipitation use efficiency, the whole field filming and hole sowing pattern combined with annual film mulching was the recommendable cultivation mode for winter wheat in the dry highland of Loess Plateau.