灌水处理对漫灌改滴灌红枣土壤盐分时空分布的影响
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S274.1;S275.6

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Effect of Different Irrigation Treatments on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution in Red Jujube's Soil Salt Under the Condition of Changing Flood Irrigation into Drip Irrigation
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    摘要:

    为确定南疆沙区成龄红枣漫灌改滴灌适宜的滴灌模式,采用双因素组合试验设计,研究了不同灌溉定额(900,1 050,1 200 mm)和灌水次数(10,14,18次)对红枣漫灌改滴灌后整个生育期0—200 cm土层盐分时空分布及产量的影响。结果表明:水平方向上各处理均表现为距树干越远土壤盐分质量比越高,增大灌溉定额使距树干60 cm处0—20 cm土层土壤盐分质量比明显增大;增加灌水次数可以显著降低距树干60 cm处0—80 cm土层土壤盐分质量比。垂直方向上土壤盐分质量比呈“S”形分布,表层土壤有明显积盐现象;不同灌溉定额处理垂直方向上均出现一个低盐带(<2 g/kg),低盐带深度范围随灌溉定额的增加而增大。漫灌相比改滴灌水平方向上土壤盐分质量比变化不大,且表层土壤也无明显积盐现象。整个生育期内,各处理土壤盐分质量比峰值出现在6月新稍期或7月花期;在0—200 cm土层,10次、1 200 mm灌水处理和14次、900 mm灌水处理的盐分淋洗效果与漫灌CK处理相近,漫灌处理只在0—100 cm土层盐分淋洗效果明显优于改滴灌处理。灌水次数对0—200 cm土层各时间阶段土壤盐分质量比的影响弱于灌溉定额。漫灌改滴灌不同于连续滴灌,漫灌改滴灌后,过低或过高的灌溉定额均不利于提高红枣的产量,与其他处理相比,18次、1 050 mm灌溉定额处理不但具有合理的盐分时空分布,且产量(7 549 kg/hm2)和水分利用效率最高,比漫灌增产12.87%、节水30%,可以作为当地节水、高产和高效的红枣漫灌改滴灌灌溉制度。

    Abstract:

    To determine the appropriate drip irrigation mode for southern desert aged red jujube when changing flood irrigation into drip irrigation, the effect of different irrigation quotas (900, 1 050, 1 200 mm) and irrigation times (10, 14, 18) on soil salt distribution of 0-200 cm in the whole red jujube growth period and yield after using drip irrigation are examined using the two factor combination test design. The results showed that every process in the horizontal direction performed as follows: the soil salt content became higher with the increasing distance to the tree trunk, and the increased irrigation quota could increase the soil salt content remarkably in the 0-20 cm soil layer at 60 cm distance to the trunk; the increased irrigation frequency could reduce the soil salt content significantly in the 0-80 cm soil layer at 60 cm distance to the trunk. The soil salinity appeared as an“S”shaped distribution in the vertical direction, and an obvious accumulation phenomenon in the surface soil. Different irrigation quotas showed a low salinity zone (<2 g/kg) in the vertical direction, and the depth of the low salinity zone would increase with the increasing irrigation quota. Compared with the drip irrigation, the soil salinity of the flood irrigation was not changed much in the horizontal direction, and there was no obvious salt accumulation phenomenon. During the whole growth period, the soil salinity peak appeared in June of the new shoot period or July of the flowering stage. As for the 0-200 cm soil layer, the salt leaching effects of the irrigation treatment with 10 times and 1 200 mm and the treatment with 14 times and 900 mm were similar to the flood irrigation. The flood irrigation treatment was only obviously better than the drip irrigation in the 0-100 cm soil layer. The effect of irrigation times on soil salt content of 0-200 cm was weaker than the irrigation quotas. After changing into drip irrigation, neither the too low nor the too high irrigation quota was conducive to improve the yield of red jujube. Eighteen times and 1 050 mm irrigation showed a not only reasonably salt distribution but also the highest yield (7 549 kg/hm2) and water use efficiency, increased by 12.87% in yield and 30% in water saving compared with the other treatments. Thus, it can be used as the local drip irrigation regime of red jujube for the water-saving, high yield and high efficiency purpose.

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胡家帅, 王振华, 郑旭荣, 李朝阳, 扁青永, 陈文娟.灌水处理对漫灌改滴灌红枣土壤盐分时空分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):312~319

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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-02-27
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