Restricted heavily by the geology, soil erosion in karst regions of southwest China is obviously different from that in other regions. Due to the couple of chemical dissolution, gravitational erosion and water erosion, the erosion in the region had a mixture mechanism of soil surface loss and underground leakage. This paper summarized the characteristics of soil erosion briefly, including surface soil loss, underground soil leakage, soil erosion intensity and the grading standard, and the simulation of soil erosion process. Further, future research interests were discussed. From the point view of the research advance, the automation, located monitoring of soil and water loss was put forward, and the simulation model for dual soil and water loss should be developed further in karst regions of southwest China. This could give a reference for quantitative assessment of the effects of land use change on soil and water conservation, and then provide service for the control of rock desertification.