In this study ,we used soil physicochemical properties analysis were conducted in artificial Camellia oleifera forests with different ages (1 years and 15 years) in red soil hilly region of Yushan County, Jiangxi Province. Soil samples were collected in different slope positions (upper slope, middle slope, and lower slope) and different soil layers (0 – 10 and 10 – 20 cm). The results showed that: (1) with the increasing of the artificial Camellia oleifera forest age, there was a decrease in soil bulk density, and an increase trend in soil water content and field capacity; significant increases in soil pH value and organic matter content of middle and lower slope (P<0.05) were observed, and the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium decreased; soil physicochemical properties improved after horizontal Planting Camellia oleifera in red soil slope land, and soil water content, field capacity and soil organic matter content increased in varying degrees, while soil bulk density and nutrient (N, P, K) content decreased, therefore reasonable fertilization, especially the application of P fertilizer, should be pay more attention to meet the need of the production during tending process of Camellia oleifera forest. (2) The soil physicochemical properties showed certain regularity in different slope positions. The soil bulk density of different slope positions followed the order of upper slope < middle slope < lower slope; and the water content of upper slope was the maximum, and the minimum field capacity was in lower slope; soil organic matter and total potassium both followed the order of upper slope < middle slope < lower slope, and there was significant difference in soil organic matter among different slope positions, while there was no significant spatial difference in total nitrogen and total phosphorus. (3) Compared with the 1 year Camellia oleifera forest, the spatial difference of soil physicochemical properties tended to be homogeneous in the 15 a stands. In order to reveal soil and water conservation effect of the combination measures of horizontal soil preparation and artificial Camellia oleifera, and to provided the theoretical basis for the comprehensive management of soil erosion and for the sustainable management of artificial tea tree land in the southern red soil slope.