The study focused on the effects of maltose and other carbohydrates on the improvement of continuous cropping soil and the growth of apple rootstock, and the findings could provide a new way to alleviate the apple continuous cropping obstacles currently. In April 2014, seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd were planted in pot with 10 kg continuous cropping soil, and the doses of four kinds of carbohydrates, fructose, glucose, maltose and arabinose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg were added to the seedling pot after the seedlings grew 5 euphyllas. Then the growth, soil microbes and soil total organic carbon (TOC) were measured in September 2014. Compared with CK， the height increased by 52.9% with the glucose of 200 mg/kg, the diameter increased by 12.2% and the relative contents of chlorophyll increased by 12.5% with the maltose of 200 mg/kg, the photosynthetic rate increased by 18.5% with the glucose of 100 mg/kg. The fructose and arabinose could effectively increase the number of bacteria in the soil, which increased by 119.7% and 127.6%,respectively with the application of the concentration of 50 mg/kg. The number of actinomycetes in the soil increased significantly by 66.7%, 222.9% and 266.7%, respectively with the increase of different arabinose concentration. The number of fungi decreased significantly by 71.7% than CK with the application of 50 mg/kg maltose. The total organic carbon content was the highest when applied the glucose of 100 mg/kg and increased by 60.0% than CK. The principal component analysis showed that there were significant differences between the maltose of 100 mg /kg and CK, compared with CK,the height, the diameter, the leaf relative contents of chlorophyll, the photosynthetic rate, the TOC increased by 47.9%, 11.1%, 8.5%, 16.3%, and 47.6%, respectively, while the number of actinomycetes decreased by 49%. In summary, the maltose of 100 mg/kg can improve the quality of apple rootstock obviously, which are useful for the improvement of continuous cropping soil and the number of soil fungi in continuous cropping soil.