By using artificial rainfall simulation system and variable slope soil trough, the runoff and sediment yield responses of red soil slope under heavy rainfall were tested to study the response of artificial red soil slope to heavy rainfall. The rainfall intensities included 140, 160, and 190 mm/h, and the slope degrees included 10 °, 15 °, 20 ° and 25 °. The experimental results showed that the erosion modulus in red soil slope with simple artificial treatment under super rain intensity of 140～190 mm/h was significantly lower than that in slopes without treatment under rain intensity of 50～120 mm/h , and the rill development process was slow. This indicated that soil treatment on slope could effectively improve the soil erosion resistance. Under the same rainfall intensity, the runoff yield time firstly delayed and then shortened with the increasing of slope degree, and the critical gradient of the runoff yield was between 20°and 25°. Under the same rainfall intensity, the erosion modulus firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing of slope degree, and the critical gradient was different under different rainfall intensity. The erosion critical gradient was 15°～20° when the rainfall intensity was 140 mm/h, and it was 20°～25° when the rainfall intensity was 160 mm/h and 190 mm/h. Overall, the erosion process was affected by the rainfall intensity more than the slope degree. The erosion processes of slopes with different slope degrees were relatively stable when the rainfall intensity was 140 mm/h, and the development of rill was weak. The erosion was strengthened when the rainfall was 160 mm/h, but there was not obvious tend in the erosion process. When the rainfall intensity was 190 mm/h, the erosion mainly occurred in the first 30 min of the rainfall, and the development of rill was relatively severe, and it tends to be stable after 30 min.