Based on meteorological and hydrological data of Xinqushou hydrological station in Gurt River in 1974 —2014, the cumulative trend, mutation characteristics and cycle variation of meteorological and hydrological factors were analyzed by cumulative anomaly method, Mann-Kendall mutation test and wavelet analysis. Meanwhile, the relationship between the meteorological hydrological factors of the Gurt River and Kuitun River and Ebinur Lake was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) In the last 40 years, the temperature, precipitation and runoff showed a trend of decreasing first and then rising, and the inter-annual variability was 7.95%, 15.84% and 6.68%, respectively; (2) Sudden changes occurred in the late 1980s, and the abrupt precipitation change time was earlier than the temperature (the early 1980s), and the runoff mutation time was at latest (the end of the 1990s); (3) Meteorological and hydrological factors showed a variety of different periods of oscillation cycle, while the most common interdecadal change cycle of temperature, precipitation and runoff was 25～28 years, 17～22 years, 4～6 years, respectively; (4) Runoff had a good correlation with air temperature, and its relationship with precipitation was complicated; (5) The trend of the runoff in Kuitun River was basically positive correlated with the Gurt River, and the main driving factor of the deterioration of the ecological environment in Ebinur Lake in the early 1970s was the overdevelopment by mankind.