In order to identify the influencing factors of wind erosion in black soil area of Northeast China, the wind erosion rates of black soil under different wind speeds (5～14 m/s), soil water contents (2%～11%), and straw coverage rates(0～80%) were measured through a series simulated wind experiments. Subsequently, the relationships between the wind erosion rate of black soil and the factors were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the black soil began to be eroded when the wind speed was slightly greater than 5 m/s, and wind erosion rate of black soil increased exponentially with increasing wind speed. The wind erosion rate under 14 m/s of wind speed (at 2% of soil water content) was 11.6～42.7 times higher than that under 8 m/s of wind speed. Moreover, the wind erosion rate of black soil increased with the increasing of soil water content when the soil water content was less than 5%, while it decreased with the increasing of soil water content when the soil water content was between 5% and 11%. Especially, the wind erosion rate of black soil was close to zero when the soil water content exceeded 11%. In addition, the wind erosion rate of black soil was significantly reduced by straw cover and an exponential relationship was found between them. For instance, the wind erosion rate of black soil with 20% of straw coverage (at 2% of soil water content) was 72.6%～92.3% lower than that of bare land. However, wind erosion rate was only decreased by 0.02～1.20 g/(m2·s) when the straw coverage increased from 20% to 80% (at 2% of soil water content). In conclusion, wind erosion rate of black soil was significantly affected by wind speed, soil water content, and straw coverage in Northeast of China in this study, and their importance in decreasing wind erosion listed in the order of wind speed＞soil water content＞straw coverage.