The effects of four different kinds of super absorbent polymers (SAP) on clay soil aggregates and nutrient accumulation by maize were studied through pot experiments. The results showed that the effects of SAP on water-retaining capacity appeared in the middle to late stage of maize growth. Compared with the treatment of no absorbent application (T1), the water contents of soil were increased by 21.45%- to 65.09% at harvest time. Five soil aggregate characteristic parameters were calculated, and their correlation with soil particle size composition were analyzed. The amount of water-stable macro-aggregates (R0.25) of the soil treated with Poly (acrylate sodium) (WT1), and organic fertilizer and SAP compound (OSC) notably was increased by 72.40% and 58.00%, respectively, compared with the control (T1). Mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the soil treated with the two above-mentioned SAP was significantly increased, i. e. by 45.91% and 67.89%, and by 57.34% and 64.11%, respectively, while the soil unstable aggregate index (ELT) was decreased by 18.51 and 14.83%. In addition, the application of SAP could reduce fractal dimension (D) by 0.65% to 2.64%. Correlation analysis showed that soil particles size distribution was extremely significantly correlated with GMD (p＜0.01), which could be the best quantitative index of soil texture. Acrylamide/ potassium acrylate copolymer (AS) and OSC promoted the uptake and utilization of nitrogen nutrient by maize, and the nitrogen content of grain significantly increased, i .e. by 10.37% to 15.67%. The application of OSC could improve soil structure and nutrient absorption more efficiently. This research provides academic and instructive bases for developing soil amendments.