The aims of this study were to analyze the correlation between rocky desertification at different slopes and water and soil loss quantitatively, and provide the scientific theoretical basis for the ecological environment management and restoration in the county area. Takeing Panxian County of Guizhou Province as the research area, with the support of RS and GIS technology, based on ALOS remote sensing images, lithology and 1∶50 000 topographic maps, using Remote sensing interpretation method, Surface analysis and Map Algebra principle, the index factors of rocky desertification and water and soil loss were extracted. Through ArcGIS spatial analysis and correlation analysis model, analysis of the correlation between rocky desertification at different slopes and water and soil loss in Panxian County. The results showed that: Panxian County had a rocky desertification area of 1 008.45 km2, accounting for 24.9% of the total area, the degree of rocky desertification was mainly mild, moderate and strong, accounting for 45.47%, 29.67% and 20.29% of the total area of rocky desertification, respectively. Water and soil loss area of 521.05 km2, accounting for 12.85% of the total area, the degree of water and soil loss was maily mild and moderate, and 67.75% and 17.36% of the area of water and soil loss, respectively. Rocky desertification and water and soil loss occurred in the place where the slopes were 5 and 35 degrees, accounting for 85.08% and 82.45% of the area of rocky desertification and water and soil loss, respectively. When the slopes were less than 8 degrees, there was a negative correlation between rocky desertification and grade of water and soil loss, and between water and soil loss and grade of rocky desertification. When the slopes were between 8 and 35 degrees, the area of rocky desertification and water and soil loss decreased first, then increased, and later decreased again. When the slopes were greater than 35 degrees, rocky desertification and water and soil loss grade were negatively correlated under strong erosion, but the correlation became positive when the erosion went beyond strong erosion. Water and soil loss and rocky desertification grade were positively correlated under mild rocky desertification, but they were negatively correlated when the rocky desertification went beyond mild rocky desertification.