Using comparative analysis and substituting temporal serial with spatial serial data , we analyzed data collected from abandoned farmland with eight different vegetation restoration periods (1 to 35 years). The responses of plant community and soil stoichiometry to different fertilization treatments were studied. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with the no fertilization treatment, the aboveground biomass was increased by 77.1% and 142% by the + N and + N + P treatment, respectively. The response of aboveground biomass to the + N + P treatment was more significant than to the + N treatments. Compared with no fertilization treatments, leaf N and P concentration was increased by 13.6% and 0.6%, while the N/P ratio was reduced by 3.8% by the + N treatment. Leaf N and P concentration was increased by 15.6% and 8.7%, while the N/P ratio was reduced by 15.2% by the + N+ P treatment. The responses of leaf N and P concentration, and N/P ratio to the + N+ P treatment were all more significant than to the + N treatment. Compared with the no fertilization treatment, soil N and P content was increased by 27.7% and 36.2%, respectively, and N/P ratio was reduced by 9.1% by the + N treatment. Soil N and P content was increased by 16.6% and 25%, respectively, and N/P ration was reduced by 9.1% by the + N+ P treatment. The response of soil N and P content to the +N treatment were more significant than to the + N+ P treatment. In conclusion, a proper fertilization mode is beneficial to the utilization and distribution of soil nutrients.