袋控肥对苹果土壤Nmin及15N-氮素吸收利用和损失的影响
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S661.1;S143.1+ 5;S158.3

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国家自然科学基金项目(31501713);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-28)


Effects of Bag-controlled Release Fertilizer on Soil Mineral Nitrogen and 15N-Urea Absorption, Utilization and Loss of Fuji Apple
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    摘要:

    为了寻求改善果园土壤氮素稳定供应问题的有效措施,试验以6年生烟富3/SH6/平邑甜茶为试材,利用15N同位素标记,研究FSA(撒施)、FS+BC(一半撒施一半袋控)、BCRF(袋控缓释肥)对土壤Nmin及氮素吸收、利用和损失的影响。结果表明:在苹果整个生长季BCRF处理土壤Nmin含量保持平稳,FSA处理短期内土壤Nmin含量迅速升高,然后又急剧降低。在果实成熟期植株体内氮素BCRF处理(121.64 g)高于FSA处理(79.01 g)和FS+BC处理(95.92 g)。不同施肥处理各器官Ndff差异显著,均以果实中的Ndff最高,各器官的Ndff以BCRF处理最高,FS+BC处理次之,FSA处理最低。BCRF处理显著提高了苹果植株氮素利用率,分别为FSA和FS+BC处理的1.82倍和1.32倍,而15N损失率为36.23%,显著低于FSA处理(57.44%)和FS+BC处理(51.16%),BCRF处理15N主要残留在土壤上层(0—40 cm),向深层土壤淋溶的损失明显降低。可见,BCRF处理能够保证土壤氮素的稳定供应,提高氮肥利用率,降低氮肥损失。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effective measures that could improve the stable supply nitrogen in orchard soil, six-year-old ‘Yanfu3’/SH6/Malus hupehensis Rehd. and 15N isotope labelling technique were used to explore the effects of FSA (furrow applicator fertilizer), FS+BC(half applicator and half bag-controlled release fertilizer), BCRF(bag-controlled release fertilizer) on soil mineral nitrogen and 15N-urea absorption, utilization and loss of Fuji apple. The main results were as follows: Soil mineral nitrogen content provided by BCRF treatment stably throughout the growing season, soil mineral nitrogen content provided by FSA treatment increased rapidly in the short term, and then decreased sharply. At the fruit maturity stage, nitrogen content in the plant of the BCRF treatment (121.64 g) was higher than that in the FSA treatment (79.01 g), and slightly higher than that in the FS+BC treatment (95.92 g). Ndff in different organs was significantly affected by different fertilizer treatments, and the Ndff of fruits was the highest. Ndff in different organs was the highest in the BCRF treatment, followed by the FS+BC treatment, and the lowest in the FSA treatment. The BCRF treatment increased N use efficiency significantly, which was 1.82 and 1.32 times as high as of the FSA treatment and FS+BC treatment. 15N loss rate in the BCRF treatment was 36.23%, which was obviously lower than that in the FSA treatment (57.44%) and FS+BC treatment (51.16%). 15N residue in soil of BCRF treatment mainly concentrated in the upper soil layer (0—40 cm), deep soil leaching and losses decreased. The results suggested that the BCRF treatment was beneficial to ensure a stable supply of soil nitrogen, improved nitrogen use efficiency and reduced nitrogen loss.

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沙建川, 葛顺峰, 陈建明, 丰艳广, 姜远茂.袋控肥对苹果土壤Nmin及15N-氮素吸收利用和损失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,(2):267~271

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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-05-15
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