不同灌溉方式设施土壤N2O排放特征及其影响因素
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S154

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国家自然科学基金(31572206);辽宁省农业科技创新团队项目;辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划项目(2015051);农业部产地环境质量重点实验室开放课题资助


Characteristics of Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Influence Factors Under Different Irrigation Managements from Greenhouse Soil
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    摘要:

    为探明3种灌溉方式设施土壤N2O排放特征及相关因素的影响,通过田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,采用静态箱—气相色谱法与实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术分析不同灌溉方式(滴灌(D30)、渗灌(S30)、沟灌(G30))土壤N2O排放特征的差异以及土壤温度、湿度、无机氮、反硝化细菌对土壤N2O排放的影响。研究结果表明,灌溉后1~8 d设施土壤会出现明显的N2O排放高峰;整个番茄生长季沟灌处理土壤N2O平均排放通量最大,分别较滴灌和渗灌处理高出52.74%和50.82%;与沟灌处理相比,滴灌处理和渗灌处理土壤N2O排放总量分别降低了54.31%和53.30%。土壤N2O排放与硝态氮含量(P<0.05),土壤湿度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤N2O排放与土壤温度、铵态氮含量之间关系不显著。不同灌溉方式土壤反硝化细菌丰度差异显著,表现为G30>S30>D30;土壤N2O排放与反硝化细菌nosZ丰度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上,土壤湿度、硝态氮、反硝化细菌nosZ是影响土壤N2O排放的重要因素。与沟灌相比,滴灌与渗灌能够减少设施土壤N2O排放量。

    Abstract:

    Observation was performed during the period from April, 2015 to August, 2015 of N2O emissions from long-term irrigation field under different irrigation managements: Drip irrigation (D30), subsurface irrigation (S30) and furrow irrigation (G30) during the tomato season, using the static chamber-gas chromatograph method and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) technique. In order to find the relationship between the N2O emissions and impact factors, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil mineral nitrogen and soil denitrifying bacteria were observed in the meanwhile, which conducted by the combination of field experiments and laboratory analysis. Results showed that N2O emission peaks would obviously occur within 1~8 days after each irrigation. In tomato growth season, soil N2O mean fluxes was highest under furrow irrigation treatment, 52.74% higher than drip irrigation treatment and 50.82% higher than subsurface irrigation treatment; compared with furrow irrigation, the soil N2O total fluxes significantly decreased by 54.31% and 53.30%. Soil N2O emissions were very significant positive correlation with soil moisture (P<0.01) and nitrate nitrogen concentration (P<0.05). There was no consistent correlation between soil N2O fluxes and soil temperature, soil ammonium nitrogen content. Abundances of soil denitrifying bacteria had significant difference under different irrigation managements, followed by G30>S30>D30. Abundances of soil denitrifying bacteria nosZ were related to the soil N2O emissions (P<0.01). In conclusion, soil moisture, nitrate nitrogen, denitrifying bacteria nosZ were important factors that affected the soil N2O emissions; choosing drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation could effectively reduce N2O emissions from the greenhouse soil.

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韩 冰, 叶旭红, 张西超, 李 文, 范庆锋, 邹洪涛, 张玉龙.不同灌溉方式设施土壤N2O排放特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2016,(5):310~315

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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-10-31
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