Based on field simulated rainfall experiments, the study preliminarily investigated the effects of water and nutrient loss on loess slope with drill fertilization of different nano carbon contents (0 kg/kg, 0.01 kg/kg, 0.05 kg/kg, 0.07 kg/kg, 0.10 kg/kg) under 90 mm/h rainfall intensity. The results showed that: (1) The nano carbon had a significant influence on the rainfall infiltration process and the slope runoff amount. With the increasing content of nano carbon, the average infiltration rate tended to increase, and the runoff tended to decrease. (2) Compared with the control treatment, nano carbon could significantly alleviate soil erosion. The plots with 0.01 kg/kg, 0.05 kg/kg, 0.07 kg/kg and 0.10 kg/kg nano carbon reduced runoff amount on slope by 40%, 41%, 68% and 74%, respectively, and reduced sediment yield on slope by 27%, 50%, 68% and 79%, respectively. (3) Drill fertilization of nano carbon could effectively maintain the soil nutrient content on the loess slope, and compared with control treatment, the plots of 0.01 kg/kg, 0.05 kg/kg, 0.07 kg/kg and 0.10 kg/kg nano carbon reduced the loss of nitrogen in runoff by 47%, 52%, 74% and 79%, respectively, reduced the loss of nitrogen in sediment by 47%, 52%, 74% and 79%, respectively, reduced the loss of phosphorus in runoff by 63%, 63%, 88% and 86%, respectively, reduced the loss of phosphorus in sediment by 29%, 56%, 86% and 83%, respectively, reduced the loss of potassium in runoff by 43%, 46%, 81% and 83%, respectively, and reduced the loss of potassium in sediment by 25%, 62%, 78% and 87%, respectively.