A study on the physicochemical property and soil erosion of different vegetation patterns in Xichong county of southeastern Yunnan was conducted by ocean weather station observation.The results showed that the land capacity of closing hillsides soil is the highest and the land capacity of cultivation land is higher,which resulted by closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation for many years,and balance fertilizing of cultivation land.As returning land for farming to forestry,the physicochemical property and land capacity of soil has been greatly improved after three years.Cultivation land is the most severe type from water and soil erasion analysis,the planted forest lands are the smallest.Closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and returning land for farming to forestry are good approaches of land capacity improvement and soil and water conservation in karst mountains desertification soil of southeastern Yunnan.