新乡市寺庄顶污灌区土壤中重金属的形态分布及生物有效性研究
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Chemical Fractionation and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals from Sizhuangding Sewage-Irrigated Soils of Xinxiang
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    摘要:

    对长期电池废水灌溉的新乡市寺庄顶污灌区和对照区土壤重金属进行取样分析,结果表明,对照区土壤中Cd,Ni,Zn,Cu和Cr含量都能达标,污灌区土壤中Cr含量能达标,Cd,Ni,Zn和Cu的含量超标,其平均含量分别为65.31,1 196.64,2 799.25,145.78 mg/kg,是国家土壤环境质量二级标准的108.85,19.94,9.33和1.46倍。形态分析结果表明,污灌区污染最严重的Cd主要以铁-锰氧化物结合态存在,所占比例平均为56.84%;Ni主要以铁-锰氧化物结合态和残余态存在,所占比例平均为37.44%和39.55%;Zn主要以残余态存在,所占比例平均为78.24%;Cu主要以有机结合态存在,所占比例平均为57.70%;Cr主要以有机结合态和残余态存在,所占比例平均为45.55%和34.18%。与对照相比,污灌降低了Cd,Ni,Zn,Cu和Cr残余态所占比例,提高了重金属迁移能力和生物有效性。在4种超标重金属中Cd可交换态所占比例最高,平均为24.54%,由于其生物有效性最高,Cd迁移能力和植物毒性最值得关注。

    Abstract:

    The study on the chemical fractionation and bioavailability of heavy metals from non-contaminated and sewage-irrigated soils of Sizhuangding in Xinxiang showed that,total Cd,Ni,Zn,Cu and Cr concentrations of non-contaminated soils achieved the national standard for soils,and sewage-irrigated soil Cr concentration achieved the national standard for soil,while Cd,Zn,Ni and Cu concentrations were over the standard,with the average contents being 65.31,1196.64,2799.25,145.78 mg/kg.The average concentrations of Cd,Zn,Ni and Cu were 65.31,19.94,9.33,1.46 times of national standard for soil,respectively.Sequential extraction rusults showed that,Cd was dominated by iron-manganese oxides fraction,with the percentages being 56.84%.Ni was dominated by iron-manganese oxides fraction and residual bound fraction,with the percentage being 37.44% and 39.55%.Zn was dominated by residual bound fraction,with the percentage being 78.24%.Cu was dominated by organic fraction,with the percentages being 57.70%.Cr was dominated by organic fraction and residual bound fraction,with the percentages being 45.50% and 34.18%.Compared with the non-contaminated irrigation soils,percentage of Cd,Ni,Zn,Cu,Cr residual fractions in the contaminated soils reduced,which could increase the heavy metal mobility and bioavailability.For exchangeable fraction and bioavailability of Cd being higher than Zn,Ni,Cu with the percentages being 24.54%,we should pay attention to the mobility and phyto-toxicity of Cd.

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陈得军,张春燕,王建玲,王学锋,朱桂芬.新乡市寺庄顶污灌区土壤中重金属的形态分布及生物有效性研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,(5):

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