This essay takes middle-low mountains in the western edge of Sichuan basin as the research area,and selects three typical mountains and two soil types according to the practical geomorphic features.The research of the composite index number(PI) of soil quality in different soil locations suggests that,the soil quality index increases as the altitude of mountain slope location decreases.The research of the composite index number(QI) of soil quality in different utilizing ways suggests that,of forest plantation is obviously higher,whereasof sloping cultivated land is the lowest.The distribution configuration of middle-low mountain soil quality mainly depends on the variations between land use and cover,and human activities is the main factor that enhances the variations.So if the stable positive circle of mountain ecosystem and the sustainable development of soil quality are to be realized,a series of measures to improve soil quality and recover ecotope,such as reinforcing the treatment of farm land on the slope,enhancing constructions of the projects of vegetation conservation and protection.