According to statistical data of agriculture, analysis of soil samples and fertilizer application survey from farmhouses, it was studied for fertilizer application rate, farmland nutrient balance and change of soil nutrient in Shanxi. Results of surveying from farmhouse showed that the average application rate of mineral fertilizer in Shanxi was 181.8 N kg/hm~2, 93.7 P_2O_5 kg/hm~2 and 41.9 K_2O kg/hm~2 in the year of 2000. Ratio of NPK in the mineral fertilizer input was 10.520.23. It was found that fertilizer application rate on irrigation land was more than the rate on dryland, and the rate on the vegetable and fruit tree was more than the rate on food crops and cash crops. Results of nutrient balance from three counties showed that N, P in farmlands was obviously surplus with the increasing of N, P application from 1980, and K was deficient at all time. Meanwhile, comparing with content of soil nutrients between 2000 and the second soil survey in China, the change of available P and K in soils in Shanxi , and effects of nutrient balance on soil nutrients were realized in the three counties.