Using the Landsat TM data in the years of 1997 and 2002, the land cover map has been made respec- tively in sample areas locating in Zhangjiakou, Yulin and Dngxi, and then analyzed the effect of National Key Project of Ecological Environment Construction and the changed characteristics of land cover landscape according to the transformed acreage of land cover types and landscape indices. The results showed that a serious of con- struction measures in practicing, such as, returning farmland to forestland or grassland, have an effect on the amelioration of ecological environment. As the difference of climatic and economic conditions in different sample areas, it is easier to carry out the Project and to achieve more successful result in Zhangjiakou sample area than in Yulin and Dngxi's. The land cover change of all sample areas characterized by farmland decreasing, natural or semi-natural vegetation increasing, and the reducing of irregularity of patch shape of them. On the landscape scale, the complexity of patch shape and the variety of landscape all has decreased.