Loess Plateau of China provides us with an excellent experimental system of ecological study. Facing the problems brought about by intensive artificial activities and lacking of systematic knowledge in ecology,the Chinese government has launched a great project in an attempt to implement a western development practice and improve the current status of eco-environmental construction in the west-China region, with a clear purpose of making it play an important role in the 21st century economics, society and sustainable development in China. On the basis of considering the main advances and existing obstacles in improving the ecoenvironment of Loess Plateau of China, the authors put forward a new thinking and strategy for the purpose of solving the problems mentioned above with a combination of the latest progresses in molecular biology and biotechnology. The general situation in terms of the ecoenvironment in China is the same picture as what is described below: Local bettering, general worsening.No doubt, did the previous investigation in this field during the nearly 50 years play a major and positive function in making scientific suggestions for the Chinese government policy-makers and raising life level of the local people and establish a solid bridge for continuing study, but the situation now has changed greatly with a large increase of population and a limiting carrying capability from the environment. Biological factors have an important and special influence on the development of the loess, soil fertility and formation of corresponding vegetation, and its succession.To reach this goal intentionally, principles of molecular biology and biotechnology should be applied into the field of improving the ecoenvironment of Loess Plateau not only at the molecular level, cellular level, and individual level, but also at the community level. Molecular biology and biotechnology is also the basis of biological measures for improving and constructing intentionally the ecoenvironment of Loess Plateau. The content of ecoenvironmental construction of Loess Plateau is composed of three parts at least,including control of loss of soil and water,vegetation restoration and agro-ecological construction. In the last 20 years great change took place in agriculture due to the developments in molecular biology and its application into agriculture. With the occurrence of the first transgenic plants in 1987,many plants like this have been produced with a commercial or scientific research aim. Most of them have been popularized on a large scale, resulting in a revolution in traditional agriculture, forestry horticulture, and medicine; and big harvest in profits from them. The improvement for the ecoenvironment on Loess Plateau should be combined with molecular biology and biotechnology, on the basis of which a comprehensive strategy was suggested in this paper.Indeed,Loess Plateau of China is also an important ecoenvironmental component of the world.