Huaihe river,one of the seven greatest water systems in China, was serious water environmental pollution makes water resources more rigorous, and seriously hampered the sustainable development of the Huaihe basin. The article puts great emphasis on the river basin analyzed water pollution of the environment present condition in Anhui segment, and then studied the main factors and reasons of the effects of the social economic development on the water environment in Huaihe river. Finally produced the measures to improve the water environment, including the adjustment of industrial structures, improvement of recycle utilization rate of water resources, construction of urban contaminated water plant, cleaning production and so on. Therefore, some effective countermeasures have to be taken, to combine two apparently contradictory objectives-wastewater concentration control and total amount control.