By analyzing the properties of soil and water, the succession laws and the diversity of desert plant in agricultural development area of Kelamayi, it understands that growth and renewal of desert plant in this area rely on the precipitation. Some indexes of soil physical-chemical properties, the organic matter, total N, total K are stress factors that affected plant diversity. On the contrary, a certain increase of pH and grain-size is in favor of plant diversity. Additionally, total salts, total P and moisture in soil have potential impact on the plant community diversities.