Four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes differing in grain protein contents were used in pot culture experiment in greenhouse to investigate the effects of post-anthesis drought (SRWC=45%~50%), waterlogging and moderate soil water status (SRWC=75%~80%) on protein and starch contents in wheat grains. Grain protein content, glutenin content, the ratio of Glu/Gli, dry gluten and wet gluten content increased significantly under drought. Glutenin content and the ratio of Glu/Gli decreased significantly under waterlogging. Under both drought and waterlogging, grain starch yields decreased significantly, and amylose contents increased with decreasing amylpectin contents, consequently led to decreasing ratios of amylose/amylpectin. Drought and waterlogging had differential effects on grain gluten index, sedimentation volume and falling number in accordance with different varieties. Compared with CK, correlation coefficients among grain quality characters in different wheat varieties under drought and waterlogging were lower, indicating that the differences in grain quality characters under drought, waterlogging and moderate soil water status were distinct. These would have impacts on grain quality and utilization values of specialty wheats.