Coming into the new century, scientific researches on soil erosion and soil and water conservation meet new opportunities and challengers. Based on analyzing the social need, scientific need and particularities of scientific research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in China, main existing problems for scientific researches on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in China are pointed out. And front scientific issues on soil erosion and soil and water conservation are identified, including soil erosion processes and mechanisms, soil erosion prediction models, preventing mechanisms for soil conservation measures and applicability, watershed ecology process and arrangement for soil and water conservation measures, regional soil erosion processes and behaviors as well change characteristics at macro scale, and environmental impact assessment of soil erosion and soil and water conservation, new technologies and methods for soil erosion research.